Aristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics - 1095 Words

â€Å"The beginning seems to be more than half of the whole.† ― Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics Ethics is the philosophical study of moral judgements (Solomon: 2010). Moral philosophy has long been dominated by two basic theories; deontology, inspired by Immanuel Kant, the eighteenth century philosopher and; utilitarianism or consequentialism, which derives its modern day instructions from eighteenth and nineteenth century philosophers Jeremey Bentham and J. S. Mills, respectively (Hursthouse:1999). Increasing dissatisfaction with these theories and their variants has led in recent years to the emergence of a different theory, the theory of virtue ethics (Statman: 1997). It can be argued that, of the ethical stances considered over the course of this subject, Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics as defined in his Nicomachean Ethics, is the most comprehensive. Unlike the other theories presented, which focus on principles or rules of action as the basis for morality, Aristotle presents us with a classic formulation, an alternative basis for ethical reasoning (Baker: 2013). In virtu e ethics, the emphasis is on cultivating a virtuous character rather than following rules of action; that is, with philosophical consideration, it is decided which virtues would, in combination, comprise a fully developed excellent character, and how those virtues contribute to each other and to our overall character (Athanassoulis:2012). It is also known as the ethics of self-realisation (Solomon:2010).Show MoreRelatedAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics2060 Words   |  9 PagesWhy does Aristotle think friendship is a good? Is he right? Aristotle outlined a guide to ethics that sought, first and foremost, a degree of applicability that does not falter in its representations of humankind. Perhaps this is the reason that Aristotle plays close attention to one of humankinds most treasured and hard-wearing concepts - friendship. It would be fair to say that friendship has cemented a position as one of the most fundamental constituents that contribute to the phenomenon of dailyRead MoreAristotles Philosophy on Purpose Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle, the last of the great Greek philosophers. He roamed Ancient Greece from 384 BC until his death in 323 BC. In this time, he wrote an enormous amount of works, a variety of books from metaphysics to politics and to poetry. His variety is exceptionally impressive. His greatest known works are the Athenian Constitution and Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle’s works of Ethics explore a vast area of topics. He states, â€Å"The goal of the Ethics is to determine how be st to achieve happiness.† In orderRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Golden Mean 1109 Words   |  5 PagesPart 3 - Aristotle - The Golden Mean Aristotle was a greek philosopher that taught and stressed many important and revolutionary ideas/philosophies. He was born in 384 BC, and was a student of Plato, as well as founded/ taught at several academies. He wrote on diverse subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, logic, politics, government, and ethics. He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in existence during his time, and he was the founder of many new fields. Aristotle was oneRead MoreRelativism : Cultural Relativism And Individual Relativism843 Words   |  4 Pagesimmoral? Likewise, everyone have to choose upon his or her ethics because there are no absolutes. There are two types of relativism: cultural relativism and individual relativism. Cultural relativism stated that an action is right if that action consistent with the current, collective, cultural, consensus and the prevailing opinion of society. Cultural is the highest standard, and there is even no such thing is human rights if this theory is right. Cultural relativism is sometimes inappropriate inRead MoreCultural Relativism : Moral And Immoral846 Words   |  4 Pagesimmoral? Likewise, everyone have to choose upon his or her ethics because there are no absolutes. There are two types of relativism: cultural relativism and individual relativism. Cultural relativism stated that an action is right if that action consistent with the current, collective, cultural, consensus and the prevailing opinion of society. Cultural is the highest standard, and there is even no such thing is human rights if this theory is right. Cultural relativism is sometimes inappropriate inRead MoreVirtue Ethics : The True Stem Of Moral Character1445 Words   |  6 PagesJiovanni Rodriguez Philosophy 103 2014 December 2nd Virtue Ethics: The True Stem of Moral Character Moral character is what dictates an individual s decision making and affects their experiences throughout their life. A person s morals can be based off one s upbringing and environmental factors. Virtue ethics is a philosophical view that greatly supports this claim that the choices a person makes and their actions follow those choices, and display their moral character. This is more likelyRead MoreAristotle And Marcus Cicero s Perceptions Of Virtue Ethics And The Development Of Economic Society1623 Words   |  7 Pageshimself in society. In this essay, we will examine Plato, Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Marcus Cicero’s perceptions of what virtue ethics are, and how they facilitated the development of economic society. Morality, distinctly defines what is right and what is wrong, but theory of virtue ethics is the mechanism an individual uses to make those moral decisions. Virtue is essentially having a good moral character. And ethics are a set of rules that influence an individual’s behaviorRead MoreAristotles Impact on Current Society812 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Aristotle was one of the most important western philosophers. He was a student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. I found that his biggest impacts on modern society were in the subject areas of ethics, and zoology. Aristotle wrote the first book ever written about ethics titles â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics,† and it is stillRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe ancient theories of Plato and Aristotle differ greatly from the contemporary theories of Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. Plato and Aristotle focused on the importance of virtue in an individual’s life. Plato believed that purity of the soul was the most important thing in life and can be achieved by mastering the four virtues: justice, wisdom, courage, and moderation. Aristotle believed that the goal of human life was to achieve happiness, which is made possible by the cultivation of a justRead More Aristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean Aristotle seeks flourishing happiness in life. He believes that this can be achieved for each individual through the embracement of virtues. Aristotle believes that virtues are the mean of two vices. This is the basis of the Aristotelian â€Å"Doctrine of the Mean†. This paper will explore the basis of the Doctrine of the Mean, its connections to Eudaimonia, and its success or lack thereof. Eudaimonia is a Greek word whose meaning

Child Observation Essay examples - 1486 Words

For this assignment, I observed my six year old niece, Faustine Bui who was born on August 16, 2007, at the park where I was babysitting her with her mom for approximately thirty minutes. The park I observed her at is packed with children and dogs are allowed. There is a large play area with jungle-jims and slide and it includes a sandy area which has a variety of playing equipment as well. I first observed Faustine’s biosocial development such as physical growth, gross motor and fine motor skills. Faustine is 3 feet tall and she weighs 41 pounds according to my Aunt. She is a little shorter than a lot of the six year old that she hangs out with and the ones in the park but I think that her height is in the normal range for kids her age†¦show more content†¦She had a hard time conquering the jugle-jim though. She kept waddling back and forth every time she tried to get her feet up on the next bar and she eventually gave up and refused to return to the jungle jim again. She threw a few balls here and there but she was unable to throw it very far or accurate. By the age of three, children can already kick, throw, jump and climb things such as ladder. By the age of six, children can skip, climb trees and over things, and catch a ball (uofmchildrenshospital.org). I was unable to observe a lot of fine motor skills from Faustine but she did pick up a stick fr om the ground, hold it like a normal adult would hold a pencil, and started drawing in the sand. By the age of 2, children can scribble, fold paper, draw vertical lines and manage semi-large object with their hands. By the age of six, children can copy letters, grasp pencils like a grown adult, and copy complex shapes (kamloopschildrenstherapy.org). I then observed her cognitive skills which included her language, memory, and perception. When observing Faustine, I realized that she is one extremely talkative child. She would talk about everything and anything sometimes she’d just sit in front of us and talk to us and to herself while playing in the sand. According to Lev Vygotsky and his social learning theory, children use private speech (â€Å"The internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves, either silently or outShow MoreRelatedObservation Of Child Observation1798 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Subject â€Å"Chris† is a 7 year old middle class Caucasian male. Observation is taking place in the child’s home over the course of two separate afternoons. Chris is a friendly and well spoken child who is small for his age. Chris is the youngest child in his family and both observations take place while his siblings are home. In each case one or both parents are absent. First Hour of Observation The first hour of observation takes place on a Saturday afternoon. Chris is in his living room withRead MoreObservation Report On Child Observation1411 Words   |  6 PagesWe observed Joaquin in his home in the living room of his home. His mother, younger brother, and younger sister were all there. They interacted with Joaquin during the observation. There were times that the children interacted with Caitlin and me, but for the most part we just observed them interact with each other. Observation Summary I brought a couple activities for Joaquin and his siblings to do while we observed him. I brought a pumpkin, hammer, and golf tees for them to pound them into theRead MoreObservation Of A Child Observation1428 Words   |  6 Pagesline and the children at the face painting station. I focused this observation on one pair of siblings, whom I will refer to as Jane (5 years old) and John (6 years old). Most children were impatiently waiting in line with their parents, including Jane and John. The two children discussed profusely what painting they wanted on their faces as they paced around their mother. It was Jane’s turn to get her face painted. As soon as the child before Jane left the high chair, Jane quickly ran away from herRead MoreObservation Infant Child Observation1809 Words   |  8 PagesOn October 16, 2017, I observed in the infant room from 8:30 a.m. until 11:00 a.m.. The child I observed was a female and just turned eight months old. Indicators given by the child during the observation, show that the child is progressing at a normal developmental pace and even excelling in other areas. Through observing her, I noticed her motor skills were excelling beyond what was expected. She was pulling herself up and standing. I would often notice her attempting to walk after she was standingRead MoreChild Observation: Child and Adolescent Psychology Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesLaura Taylor Paul Kincs Child and Adolescent Psych 26 April 2010 Child Observation This time, I decided to observe children between the ages of five and six in a kindergarten class room at Maddock Public School. Maddock is a smaller school and there were only five children in the class, all of them were boys. I knew this would be an interesting day, because we learned in class that boys tend to be a little bit more active and disobedient, but I was definitely looking forward to it. I wentRead MoreObservation Of A Child On Human Development1401 Words   |  6 PagesObservation child paper Purpose Ever since I was a child, I have had this instinctive urge for expansion and growth. To me, the function and duty of a quality human being is the sincere and honest development of one s potential(Bruce Lee). I think this quote pertains greatly to how children grow up. The Assignment purpose was to observe a child between the ages of 2 and 16. Human Development is important because it shows what you can identify. For example, if there is anything wrong with yourRead MoreChild Observation and Assessment Essay1956 Words   |  8 PagesThe child I observed was a seven-year-old girl in Year 2 who sat on the second highest ability table in a mixed class. While not in school, she lived a substantial distance away meaning she travelled to and from school by car and was often the first child to arrive in the morning and the last to leave in the afternoon. I will focus on the social and emotional development of this child who, from now onwards, will be referred to as C. I carried out two types of observation: these being narrative observationRead MoreEssay on Child Development Observation1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn this assignment I am going to describe a child observation that I have done in a nursery for twenty minutes in a play setting. I will explain the strengths and weaknesses of naturalistic observation through the key developmental milestones based in Mary Sheridan (2005) check-list and provide a theoretical explanation to support the naturalistic observation. First of all I would like to explain why the child observation is important for social workers. It is important because it focus on theRead More Child Care and Observation Essay719 Words   |  3 Pages Observation is very important in young children because that is how you get to know a child better. While observing how a child interacts with their peers, adults, and how they behave in different settings, you are getting to know the child without speaking to them. It may be important to observe a child but at the same time it may mislead you into being judgmental, too soon. For instance, if you observe a child misbehaving, not getting along with the other children or talking back to theRead MoreChild Care and Observation Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesObservation is very important in young children because that is how you get to know a child better. While observing how a child interacts with their peers, adults, and how they behave in different settings, you are getting to know the child without speaking to them. It may be important to observe a child but at the same time it may mislead you into being judgmental, to soon. For instance, if you observe a child misbehaving, not getting along with the other children or talking back to the teacher

Community College or University Free Essays

Choosing a college or deciding to even go to college is one of the most stressful things that we have had to do in our lives so far. This is especially stressful when you don’t have the money to pay for college or don’t know what you want to major in. College is very expensive and the costs add up quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on Community College or University or any similar topic only for you Order Now Community college is less expensive and is not much different than a university. You can start majoring in something in a community college and then transfer your credits to a university. Many people choose a university because they think that community college is only for those who can’t get into a university, but that is not true. We will discuss the similarities and differences in a community college and a university throughout this paper. A community college is much cheaper way to get a college education. Community colleges have a flexible schedule that will work around your schedule for the most part. Anyone can go to a community college, they don’t look at SAT scores or GPA’s, so if you didn’t do well in high school, but still want a college education, community college is a good choice. Community colleges have a wide array of classes available, career-oriented and not.If your still not sure what career you want to pursue you can get a little more time to figure that out while you take classes that you need for any degree; such as English, math, science, etc. along with exploring career possibilities. Just like high school, you have core classes for degrees in college. You can take those core classes at a community college while still trying to figure out what you want to do in life. Or if you know what you want to do when it comes to a career you can take classes that pertain to that career and worry about your core classes later. That way you can get an entry level job and have experience.You can also get your associates degree going to a community college. Many kids like to go right from high school to a university. If you go to a university you get more of the college atmosphere. There are sports, clubs, fraternities, and other activities that you will find only at a university. You really get to experience student life. You can live on campus away from home, you really have control over life your parents aren’t around to make choices for you. Universities are usually recognized by name; the more prestigious it is the more people think of you, which is why most kids choose to go to a university right out of high school.Out of state tuition for college is very expensive, in state tuition is a little better but not much. At a university you have almost everything right at your fingertips on campus. You have a very wide variety of majors to choose from, as well as great resources such libraries. Universities often have performances, cultural events, and guest lecture series on campus. If you are going to a community college and decide you want to get a bachelors degree you can transfer your college your credits to a university. Not all of the credits will transfer over, but most will.A lot of kids go to a community college for two years and then transfer to a university. Doing that is a lot cheaper than going to a university for four years. The average annual cost for tuition to a university is $11,990, without room and board, the average annual cost to a community college is $2,713 (College Board). A university has a lot of on-campus help with places like libraries and lecture halls and other things whereas a community college doesn’t. Community colleges have a much more flexible schedule than universities; community college will work around your schedule.You also have more time to decide what you want to major in, without the high cost of switching your major in a university. It is much easier to explore majors in a community college. Once you understand the differences and similarities it is easier to choose what type of college you want to go to. College is expensive anyway you look at, but if you go in with a plan it might make it a little easier. Whether it is a community college or university, at least you are getting an education.It is nice to know that at least you went to college and you have some type of higher education background. It is hard and stressful choosing a college but it doesn’t get any easier from here. How to cite Community College or University, Papers

Introduction to Academic Reading and Research

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Academic Reading and Research. Answer: Introduction: In its simplest sense, the term pastoral practice, refers to the application of an idea, that guides an individual closer to God, and makes him feel the essence of divinity. Since the post Vatican II period, it has been believed, that pastoral practices are indeed important, as these help in bringing out the profound truths of life, engaging an individual to enter into a conversation with heart. For the acquisition of true knowledge, it is important that the learner is capable of attaining deep, rational, objective and analytical form of knowledge, and the same is possible, only with the help of critical thinking. While pastoral practice makes it possible to search for the ultimate spiritual truth, critical learning paves the way for emancipating the soul from all the barriers of knowledge, and hence, pastoral practice and critical learning are inter-connected. Discussion: After the introduction of the concept of pastoral practices, ethics and pastoral practices were being treated as the same. On the one hand, while ethics dealt with what is right, pastoral practices dealt with the right and the just things of the world, approved by Christ. However, gradually, in later periods, it was being the dynamic view of human nature was understood. It was realized, that much of what an individual does, may not have been done by his conscious mind, but by his unconscious forces of mind. Keeping this in mind, pastoral practices, started dealing with not just what is right and what is wrong, but it started teaching mankind to search for their own experiences and to listen to their own voices, by resolving their inner conflicts [2]. Pastoral preaching has put a strong emphasis on the importance of God, whereby the entire world and human nature are also guided and determined by Him. This unquestionable submission to God, helps one to have a much rational and wider approach to any problem, at hand. Pastoral practices teach a man, to understand the world and the people in it, with love and faith, and hence the people practicing the same, ceases to be judgmental or parochial in vision. Pastoral practices uphold the idea of self-transcendence, it helps people in linking ones own identity, with the rest of mankind, based on the common relation of humanity. It does not believe in creating distinctions, based on religion or sex, but it upholds the importance of universal love, resulting from the communion of one with the other [3]. The concept of pastoral care has also being introduced in modern educational systems. Unlike the previous times, when this was being introduced with the sole purpose of educating the child in a way, that he may be morally fit to pass on to a better world, in recent times, the concept has greatly evolved. Pastoral care, is all about educating and upbringing a child in a way, that he is capable of achieving overall moral as well as emotional well-being as he grows up. Further, it helps him to learn everything with an open heart, and a power to challenge and interrogate anything that is not right. Pastoral practices helps the learner to learn by open heart, and with a kind of spontaneity, without any pressure to follow the traditional rules mechanically. It helps the learner in self-reflection and self-development. In order to enable oneself to think critically is not an easy task. The process of critical thinking involves a process of self reflection and powerful meditation. A thinker in order to possess the quality of critical thinking has to pass from being an unreflective thinker, to a challenged thinker to finally a master thinker. Pastoral practices largely helps an individual in gaining skills and insightful knowledge for the same. No knowledge can be complete, if it faces obstacles of freedom of expression of opinions or thoughts or questions. Pastoral practices allow an individual to emancipate himself from all the shackles of life, and to attain knowledge and express the same, with an everlasting zeal for greater enlightenment, through knowledge and wisdom. Any form of traditional thinking, is strongly determined by every day, traditional knowledge, but it is only the pastoral practices that help an individual undertake a quest for knowledge, so that one can reflect, ponder, analyze a nd evaluate before jumping into the conclusion [4]. In todays modern world, many schools adopt a pastoral approach for teaching the students, in order to help them develop, nurture and enhance their creative power and critical thinking. Instead of the traditional, formal method of teaching with the help of a book and a blackboard, many teachers have introduced the idea of informal, digital teaching, whereby a child is shown a lot of creative video and audio clips, before him and he makes his interpretation of the subject matter, on his own[5]. This self reflective and self-educating purpose of critical learning, as introduced by pastoral practices, has also being exploited by the modern education systems, though the concept of visual literacy. Visual literacy, using the very concept of pastoral practices, believes in allowing the children visualize things, engage in activity based learning, and interpret the subjects, based on ones own discretion [6]. There are many ways by which pastoral practice can be conducted. Some of them can be discussed here: The Catalytic Pastor: The catalytic pastor is regarded as the kind of pastor that has a lot of energy and is more focused towards the mission of the church. It is assumed that when focus is made on the mission of the church, everything goes right and it is directly influenced by Jesus. On the other hand, if in doubt, the same can result in some negative aspect and it might result in certain doubts as well. The Cultivating Pastor: This pastor talks about harvesting and nurture in the fields. This takes place when both the persons are willing to participate in harvest. In such situations, analysis of the system and manipulating it becomes a vital factor. This gives the opportunity to understand a persons patience and their ability to transform over time. Cultivating pastor is well suited for church transformations over a long duration of time [7]. The Conflict-Quelling Pastor: The conflict quelling pastor is the people who have the ability or are mediators and conflict managers. They are not regarded as the catholic and they are distinct from the chaplains. They are often regarded as the major players and they are the ones who are able to build bridges between different types of people. By nature, they are quiet and reflective and when they speak, they tend to give out wisdom of knowledge [8]. The Chaplin Pastor: This is considered to be the most vital pastor for developing inner peace. The Chaplin pastor is meant for peace and harmony among the people. This type of pastor is entertained by the means of step by step seminaries. The main objective of the people is not to stir the water but to bring healing to the hurting soul. People belonging to this category are excellent listeners and focus in bringing new congregation within the soul. The Catatonic Pastor: They are the refuge and they are responsible for the creation of things like brochures or other materials that are distributed to acknowledge the importance of divine on earth. They are the regular visitors to the hospitals and even have food with those admitted in the hospital. At times, it happens that the Catatonic Pastor remained as the senior pastor in the church for many years and is well known for their way to the grace others. In addition to all the mentioned ways of pastors, it can be said that critical thinking is an important tool for achieving positive aspect in pastoral practice. In cannot be denied that critical thinking open up the horizon of an individual to think wider and come up with better ideas to tackle the situation. Critical thinking holds great importance in several areas of life and is often regarded as an important component for an individual to think logically before arriving at a particular conclusion [9]. When critical thinking is done, it gives the opportunity to an individual to think logically and form an argumentative approach towards the work. Attempts have been made for forming more organic vision for theological education as well [10]. Several attempts have been made to accompany the theories to practice several assumptions. Challenging a situation and then analyzing it and finally deriving at a particular conclusion can be considered to be justified [11]. For instance, certain information is derived, it should not be blindly believed but it is expected that the person would search for certain evidences to support the information. It is only after analyzing the situation that the people can arrive at a logical and effective conclusion. Failure to the same might result in something that would misguide the person and the whole situation might take a turn [12]. Conclusion: There are several critical thinking tests as well that support the ability of a person to think logically and critically as well. One of such tool is The Watson-Glaser Thinking Appraisal. This tool is in fact used to determine the critical thinking ability of a person prior to appointing the person in company or organization. Many big organizations use this particular method to examine the ability of critical thinking of a candidate. It is only when the person successfully pass the test, he or she is selected for the particular position. This test is very important because in business or any other corporate matters, critical thinking is very important. The person lacking the ability to think critically cannot be trusted for successful business operations. All these assumptions can be regarded as important approaches that are made to understand the ability of a person to tackle the situation. Thus, it can be easily agreed on the fact that critical thinking hold good importance in the life of an individual and also to carry on with pastoral practices as well. Reference List: "Critical Thinking Reaches Out".Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines3, no. 1 (2013): 3-3. "Epistemology, Critical Thinking, And Critical Thinking Pedagogy".Argumentation3, no. 2 (2012): 127-140. "Introduction To Critical Thinking".Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines5, no. 1 (2014): 12-12. "Pastoral Abstracts".Journal of Pastoral Care Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications63, no. 1-2 (2012): 1-10. Brown, William R. "Critical Thinking As A Thinking Style?".Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines8, no. 1 (2013): 8-9. Calvert, Mike. "From Pastoral Care To Care: Meanings And Practices".Pastoral Care in Education27, no. 4 (2015): 267-277. Hedman, Amy S. "Perceptions Of Depression, Counseling And Referral Practices, And Self-Efficacy Reported By Minnesota Clergy".Pastoral Psychology63, no. 3 (2013): 291-306. Koppel, Michael S. "Playing Church: Toward Critically Creative Pastoral Practices".Pastoral Psychology55, no. 4 (2013): 431-440. Kramp, Joseph M. "Ritual And Heroism: A Study In Cross Cultural Religious Practices And Religious Personalities".Pastoral Psychology55, no. 3 (2016): 321-338. Kreutzmann, Hermann.Pastoral Practices In High Asia. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012. Murnion, Philip J.New Parish Ministers. New York, NY: National Pastoral Life Center, 2014. NoweIl, Linda. "Critical Talk".Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines12, no. 3 (2013): 39-42. Waters, Sonia. "All Visual, All The Time: Towards A Theory Of Visual Practices For Pastoral Theological Reflection".Pastoral Psychology(2016).